Plastering a wall is a valuable skill that allows you to achieve a smooth, professional finish before painting or wallpapering. While it may seem daunting at first, following a step-by-step process can make the task much easier.
Whether you’re repairing damaged walls or working on a fresh surface, having the right technique is essential for a quality result. For a more detailed breakdown of each step, read more below.
Step 1: Gather The Necessary Tools And Materials
Before starting, ensure you have everything needed for the job. Having the right equipment will make the plastering process smoother and more efficient.
Tools Required
- Plastering trowel – Used for spreading and smoothing plaster.
- Hawk board – A flat board to hold the plaster while working.
- Mixing bucket – To prepare and mix the plaster.
- Electric drill with mixing paddle – Ensures a smooth, lump-free mixture.
- Plastering float – Helps refine the final finish.
- Scraper or putty knife – Useful for removing old paint or plaster.
- Spirit level – Ensures an even application.
- Sandpaper (medium and fine grit) – Smooths any minor imperfections.
Materials Needed
- Plaster – Choose multi-finish or bonding plaster.
- PVA glue – Improves plaster adhesion.
- Water – Essential for mixing plaster.
- Joint tape – Used to reinforce cracks and seams.
- Dust sheets – Protects floors and furniture from dust and spills.
Step 2: Prepare The Wall
Proper wall preparation ensures the plaster adheres correctly and provides a smooth finish.
Clean The Wall
- Remove any old wallpaper, loose paint, or crumbling plaster.
- Fill holes and cracks using joint filler and let it dry.
- Brush off dust and debris, then wipe the wall with a damp cloth.
Apply PVA to Improve Adhesion
- Mix PVA glue and water in a 1:3 ratio.
- Use a paintbrush or roller to apply the mixture to the wall.
- Allow the PVA to become tacky (about 20-30 minutes) before plastering.
Step 3: Mix The Plaster Correctly
Getting the right consistency is key for a smooth and even application.
How To Mix Plaster Properly
- Pour clean water into a mixing bucket.
- Slowly add plaster powder while stirring continuously.
- Mix using an electric drill with a paddle attachment.
- Stir until the mixture is lump-free and has a creamy consistency (similar to peanut butter).
- Let the mixture sit for a couple of minutes, then give it a final stir.
Step 4: Apply The First Coat Of Plaster
The first coat is the base layer, providing structure and coverage.
How To Apply The First Coat
- Load a small amount of plaster onto the hawk board.
- Using a plastering trowel, apply the plaster in upward strokes, starting at the bottom.
- Spread the plaster evenly, keeping the thickness around 2mm.
- Work in small sections to maintain consistency.
- Smooth out ridges and bumps before moving to the next area.
Step 5: Smooth And Level The First Coat
Before applying the second coat, refining the first layer helps create a professional finish.
Levelling Techniques
- Use the edge of the trowel to remove excess plaster.
- Run the trowel over the wall in long, sweeping motions for an even texture.
- Keep the trowel slightly wet to prevent dragging.
Step 6: Apply The Second Coat Of Plaster
The second coat is thinner and refines the surface, making it ready for finishing.
How To Apply The Second Layer
- Apply a 1mm-thick layer over the first coat.
- Use firm but controlled pressure to smooth the surface.
- Feather the edges to blend seamlessly into the first coat.
- Allow the plaster to partially set for 10-15 minutes before refining.
Step 7: Polish And Smooth The Plaster
Once the second coat begins setting, final smoothing ensures a flawless finish.
Final Smoothing Techniques
- Lightly mist the wall with clean water using a spray bottle.
- Run the trowel over the surface at a shallow angle to remove any lines.
- Go over the wall several times to achieve a perfect, polished finish.
Step 8: Let The Plaster Dry Properly
Drying is a critical stage, as rushing this step can cause cracking.
Drying Time
- Plaster takes 24-48 hours to dry fully.
- Avoid painting or decorating until the wall is completely dry.
- Keep windows open for ventilation, but avoid direct heat sources like radiators.
Step 9: Sand The Wall For A Perfect Finish
Sanding removes minor imperfections and prepares the wall for painting.
Sanding Techniques
- Use fine-grit sandpaper to smooth uneven areas.
- Lightly sand in circular motions for an even finish.
- Wipe the wall with a dry cloth to remove dust before painting.
Step 10: Paint Or Decorate The Plastered Wall
Once the plaster is fully dry, it’s ready for painting or wallpapering.
Painting Tips
- Always apply a mist coat (diluted paint) before regular paint.
- Use a roller for even coverage and a brush for edges.
- Apply at least two coats for a durable finish.
Frequently Asked Questions
How Long Should I Wait Before Painting A Plastered Wall?
Plaster should be fully dry before painting, usually 5-7 days, depending on temperature and humidity. Using a mist coat helps paint adhere better and prevents peeling.
What Is The Best Type Of Plaster For Beginners?
Multi-finish plaster is ideal for beginners as it’s easier to work with and dries at a manageable rate. It provides a smooth finish, perfect for painting or decorating.
Can I Plaster Over Old Paint?
Yes, but preparation is essential. Sand the painted surface for better adhesion, remove flaking paint, and apply a PVA bonding agent before plastering.